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Deep in the woods, two fairies meet by chance. One is a servant of Titania, the queen of the fairies, while the other is a servant of Oberon, king of the fairies. The two servants discuss the ongoing argument between Titania and Oberon. The king and queen are arguing over the status of a young Indian prince, whom Titania has taken as an attendant. Oberon envies the young prince’s beauty and wishes to make the boy a knight, but Titania refuses to release the prince from her service. As the servants talk, Titania’s servant realizes that she is talking to the infamous Puck, who has a reputation for mischief and pranks. Puck confesses that she is right, describing the array of tricks he pulls on humans who wander into the woods.
Oberon interrupts the discussion. At the same time, Titania enters from the opposite side of the clearing. Each is followed by a train of attendants. The king and queen argue with one another; both are suspicious as to why the other would come so close to Athens, particularly with the marriage between Theseus and Hippolyta scheduled so soon. Titania accuses Oberon of falling in love with Hippolyta, while Oberon accuses Titania of falling in love with Theseus. They turn their argument back to the Indian prince, with Oberon again requesting to make the boy into a knight. Titania refuses, claiming that the boy’s mother was so devoted to her that she cannot betray her memory. She will keep him close to her as a tribute. Titania invites Oberon to dance with her in a fairy ritual, but he declines. He is still bitter about the Indian prince.
Titania exits angrily. Oberon swears that he will get revenge against the queen before the night is over, so he sends Puck to fetch a certain flower. The flower is named love-in-idleness and it was famously once hit by an arrow belonging to Cupid. Rubbing the juice of the flower on a person’s eyelid will make them fall in love with the first person they see when they wake up. Oberon plans to apply this juice to Titania’s eyes in the hope that she will fall in love with a ridiculous person or animal. He will only cure her of the plant’s magical effects once she promises to give him the Indian prince.
Puck leaves to fetch the flower, and Oberon, noticing that humans are approaching, makes himself invisible. Helena and Demetrius enter the forest clearing. As they walk, Demetrius dismisses Helena and tells her that he does not love her. He does not even want to see her anymore and wishes that she would leave him alone. He also curses Hermia and Lysander; he still hopes that he can stop the marriage, and he plans to kill Lysander. As Helena loudly proclaims her love and loyalty, he continues to insult her. They exit the clearing, and Oberon removes his invisibility spell. Intrigued by the humans, he declares that he will arrange for Demetrius to fall in love with Helena by the end of the night.
Puck returns to the clearing with the magical flower. Oberon takes the flower with plans to travel to the flower-laden riverbank where Titania normally sleeps. Before he departs, Oberon tells Puck to keep his eye out for a young Athenian man whom a woman is chasing. He does not know their names, but he tells Puck to place some of the juice on the young man’s eyelids. When he wakes up, Oberon hopes, the young Athenian will fall in love with the woman. Puck accepts the mission.
Titania sleeps on the riverbank. As she sleeps, Oberon approaches her and drips the juice of the magical flower onto her eyes. He chants a spell, calling on Titania to fall unavoidably in love with the very first creature she sees when she wakes up. Oberon then exits. Lysander and Hermia appear, having become thoroughly lost in the forest. Lysander cannot remember the route to his aunt’s house, so he recommends that they sleep in the forest because night is coming. Though Lysander would like to sleep close to Hermia, she wants them to sleep apart for propriety’s sake. They lay down at a distance from one another and fall asleep.
Puck appears. He complains that he cannot find the young Athenian man that Oberon told him about but then comes across Lysander and Hermia, whom he mistakes for Helena and Demetrius. He places the potion on Lysander’s eyes and exits.
Demetrius arrives, pursued by Helena. He continues to insult her and insists that she stop following him. Helena mentions that she fears the dark, but Demetrius deserts her in the forest. Short of breath and struggling to deal with her unrequited love, Helena does not follow Demetrius. When she spots the sleeping Lysander, she decides to wake him. As his eyes open, the magical spell takes effect: Lysander falls in love with Helena. He immediately begins to praise her attractiveness—so much so that Helena suspects he is mocking her. Lysander insists that he is sincere and tells Helena that Hermia means nothing to him. Helena becomes angry and leaves, with Lysander chasing after her. Hermia wakes up and discovers that she is alone. She ventures into the woods to search for Lysander.
Act 2 portrays the transition from the ordered world of Athens to the disordered, chaotic world of the fairies. The rules in the woods are different, often involving magic, farce, and trickery. The audience first encounters this world through Puck’s conversation with another fairy, in which the two treat magic and trickery as common. While the humans might consider the woods to be dreamlike and chaotic, this disordered way of life is routine for the fairies.
The rulers of the fairy world illustrate this sense of disorder. Oberon, the king of the fairies, and Titania, the queen, are frequently at odds with one another. Their dialogue (and the dialogue of other characters about them) portrays their disagreement and rivalry as an ongoing, almost permanent battle between two people in love. Underscoring this point for a Renaissance-era audience, Titania refuses to accept traditional gender roles. She defies Oberon frequently and refuses to allow him to knight the Indian prince.
The disorderly relationship between the king and queen of the fairies also has an impact on the humans, who must deal with the magic and trickery that Puck inflicts on them. Titania’s defiance of Oberon leads directly to Oberon’s intervention in the lives of the young Athenian nobles. Annoyed by Titania’s rebellious behavior, Oberon pities Helena’s loving deference to Demetrius, which he views as an example of how women should behave. As a result, he orders Puck to reward her by giving her what she wants. This renders the strong, defiant Hermia an accidental victim when Lysander falls in love with Helena, while Helena herself encounters a far greater problem than she could have anticipated. Even when Oberon tries to preserve his patriarchal order and reward conformist behavior, the chaos of the fairy world takes over, and the situation descends into farce. Puck is a gleeful agent of this disorder, sowing the seeds of chaos and disrupting the plans of Oberon, Lysander, Hermia, and everyone else he encounters.
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