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John Grey writes to Norrington that Percy Beauchamp is involved with a company called Rodrigue Hortalez et Cie and asks Norrington to investigate. John writes Hal that he has confirmed Percy Beauchamp lives with his wife Cecile and her brother the Baron Amandine at their estate, Trois Fleches (“Three Arrows”). John has no further information about Denys Randall-Isaacs or Captain Richardson. Hal’s letter in response explains that Denys is John Randall’s son by Mary Hawkins. John Randall was a significant antagonist to Jamie and Claire before the battle of Culloden, though Hal does not know this. Mary Hawkins remarried Robert Isaacs after John Randall’s death, and Denys is known to have political aims. Hal asks who the “third arrow” could be, in addition to the Baron Amandine and his sister Cecile.
In London, March 1977, John meets with his acquaintance Harry Quarry, hoping to learn more about Richardson. Harry Quarry agrees to report any findings to Hal, as John will sail to America with Dottie soon. Suddenly aware of his own mortality, John fears “that he might not be there to protect William, while he was still needed” (487).
John sets sail for American with Dottie. He recalls his visit to Trois Fleches: Amandine seemed to flirt with John and insinuated that he knew about John’s sexuality. John also met the elderly Benjamin Franklin. John was surprised by his arousal at the dangerous possibility that Amandine knew his secret. Franklin admitted that he knew Percy Beauchamp, but nothing more.
In a letter to John, William writes that Denys Randall-Isaacs disappeared. In the meantime, William shot a wolverine and returned to New York to ride dispatches. Soon he will go to Canada to join General Burgoyne’s staff, but first he must deliver a message in Virginia for Richardson.
At Lallybroch in 1980, Bree hears Roger singing while working from home; his new job as assistant choirmaster is going well. They reconcile their different faiths by deciding that the entire family will attend early mass at the Catholic church, then go to services at St. Stephens to see Jem and Roger in the choir. Roger and Bree discuss the known locations for time travel, including the ancient standing stones near Inverness, and the possibility of other time portals like the tunnel under the hydroelectric plant.
Roger attends a Freemasons meeting. Mr. Menzies attends with his cousin Rob Cameron. After a tense encounter between Rob and Roger, who knows about Rob hazing Bree, Menzies asks Roger to teach a Gaelic class for the community.
Bree and Roger read the next letter from Jamie and Claire, written at Fort Ticonderoga in 1777. Claire is not accepted by the army surgeon at Fort Ticonderoga, as she is a woman, but continues to care for patients. Stebbings is miraculously still alive. There is a hill near Fort Ticonderoga called Mt. Independence, which Claire and Jamie fear will give strategic advantage to the British. Worried about Claire and Jamie, Bree and Roger consult a book on the American Revolution.
It is June 1777 at Fort Ticonderoga. Claire carries water to her and Jamie’s room. She has many aches and pains, and Jamie commiserates about old age but tells her that, “Nothing hurts when ye love me” (515). Claire worries about disease and violence at the crowded fort. Jamie oversees the construction of a new bridge, though he believes it a pointless endeavor.
Ian asks Claire about infertility as his ex-wife Emily suffered miscarriages and a stillbirth while they were together but now has children with another man. Claire theorizes that the infertility was likely caused by incompatible blood types. Thinking of her own first pregnancy, which ended in the stillbirth of a daughter with Jamie called Faith, Claire tells Ian: “Call it fate […] call it bad luck. But it wasn’t your fault. Or hers” (521). The next day, Ian is gone.
William rides with Richardson’s messages toward Dismal Town, named for the nearby swamplands.
Distracted while reminiscing about losing his virginity, William becomes hopelessly lost in the bog. A mountain lion spooks his horse, which runs off leaving him with only a pouch of tobacco and a frying pan. During a storm, William is injured in the arm when a cypress tree explodes, struck by lightning. Shivering and alone, William recalls his nanny telling him “the dead came down with the fog” (530) and remembers being lost as a child at his grandparents’ home. Young William went looking for his deceased mother in the fog and was rescued by “Mac”—his nickname for Jamie, who at that time worked for William’s grandparents under an alias. William remembers “Mac” only as a beloved figure of his childhood. William reflects on being compared to his “reckless” mother and keeps moving through the swamp because “To stand still when lost was a good idea only when someone was looking for you” (535).
Ian Fraser finds William in the swamp, led to him by Rollo. Ian tells William that they have met before, when Lord John brought young William to Fraser’s Ridge while seeking medical treatment from Claire. (At that time, William did not recognize Jamie as “Mac.”)
William and Ian travel together, and William realizes that he has lost Richardson’s coded messages. William asks Ian what he knows about the recipients of Richardson’s letters and is surprised to learn that Richardson may have been sending him into a trap. William asks Ian about living among the Mohawk. Ian describes the tradition of death songs, and the two men consider what they would sing about if they knew death was imminent. William thinks about his secret baptismal name, “James,” which “Mac” gave him in a secret Catholic baptism before disappearing.
Two Indigenous American men arrive and help Ian tend to William’s worsening fever and infected wound. One of the men, Glutton, tells William to choose a spirit animal, saying he will need it to survive. William chooses a bear before losing consciousness. Later, Glutton, Ian, and William discuss the concept of purgatory. Ian asks Glutton about Emily, and he confirms that she is now married to a Mohawk man named Sun Elk and has several children. Ian plans to see her. William descends into feverishness.
Rachel Hunter, a young Quaker woman, helps William trim his beard. Rachel and her brother Denzell “Denny” Hunter, a Quaker doctor, have cared for William since Ian brought him to them days before. William finds Rachel very pretty, and they bond over the loss of their mothers.
William considers the possibility that Richardson “meant to send [him] to death or imprisonment” (566) and declares his intent to leave the next day. Denny asks where he will go and suggests there are a few Catholics nearby. William is embarrassed to realize that the Hunters undressed him to tend to his wounds and found the rosary he wears as a secret memento of his baptism by “Mac.” William decides he will go to Canada, and Denny insists that William wait five more days before trying the journey.
Ian returns to the Hunters’ home, delivering money and a horse for William along with a letter and a bear claw necklace. The letter, which Rachel read and resealed, explains that the necklace is a gift from an Indigenous American called Bear-Killer. William is disappointed that Ian did not wait to see him. William confronts Rachel for reading his letter, and she admits that she was curious about Ian, a Scottish man in Mohawk dress. Rachel reveals that the Hunters have been excommunicated by their Quaker community, or “put out of meeting” (579), for supporting American independence. The pacifist Quaker society is against the war. Denny intends to travel north and join the American forces as a surgeon, and Rachel will go with him. Rachel invites William to travel with them and William agrees, both to spend more time with Rachel and possibly to gain valuable information about the Continental army.
Ian travels to the home of Thayendanegea, “Two Wagers,” also known as Joseph Brant. Thayendanegea is a Mohawk military leader who commands Loyalist and Indigenous forces on behalf of the British, including Emily’s new husband Sun Elk. Sun Elk tries to prevent Ian from seeing Emily, and their harsh words soon become a physical fight. Ian bests Sun Elk and goes into the house. Inside, Emily greets Ian warmly, and he apologizes and tells her that he is glad that she now has children. Emily introduces Ian to her five-year-old son, who does not yet have a formal name, calling him “The child of your spirit” (591). Ian asks Emily if she is happy, and she says that she is, though she sometimes misses Ian. Ian says he is going to Scotland, and she asks if he will take a Scottish wife. Ian insists that he is still Mohawk in spirit. Ian catches a lizard for Emily’s young son. Emily presents her newborn daughter and asks Ian to name the baby, but Ian insists on giving her son a name instead. Ian names Emily’s son “Swiftest of Lizards” (593).
William travels with the Hunters. Denny reveals that he is related to the famous physician John Hunter and studied with him in London. The medical use of cadavers inspires a debate on the necessity of violence, which Denny strongly opposes as a Quaker. William accuses Denny of “[relying] upon someone else to commit violence for you” (596).
The group takes a wrong turn, but a passing farmer named Mr. Johnson invites them to spend the night at his home. The farmer’s wife feeds them a nearly inedible stew. William wakes in the night with indigestion and discovers Mr. Johnson attempting to kill and rob them. William kills Johnson while Denny and Rachel subdue his wife. William wants to kill Mrs. Johnson for assisting in her husband’s murders, but Rachel insists that he does not. William admits to Rachel that he has never killed anyone before and is unsure how to feel. William thinks he would know how to feel if his first kill had been in battle, but Rachel insists, “Thee wouldn’t” (607).
In Part 4, we see a theme of “conjunction,” or the simultaneous occurrence of events or actions at a particular time or place. For instance, the Part 4 title “Conjunction” refers to Ian’s fateful meeting with William in the swamp and to the many other introductions and coincidences in these chapters, including the entry of Rachel and Denny Hunter to the story.
Ian’s rescue of William is the first point in the novel when their storylines intersect and marks significant character development for both men. Still thinking of the family he lost and unexpectedly closer to his ex-wife’s home than he expected to be, Ian at last finds the courage to confront his past. First, however, he consults Claire, hoping for some medical explanation that might resolve his guilt over failing to produce live children with Emily. Claire cannot give a certain diagnosis, but still tells Ian what he needs to hear, that whether fate or bad luck, it was no one’s fault. In this instance, fate is a freeing rather than limiting force; it is easier for Ian to accept that he had no control over the outcome than to think he was somehow responsible for the death of his children. This absolution gives Ian the courage to confront Emily, and the visit proves to be incredibly healing. Ian achieves closure through naming Emily’s young son, thereby symbolically completing the family they were unable to have. This emotional revelation prepares Ian to fall in love with Rachel Hunter in Part 5.
While William is lost in the swamp, his thoughts of Nanny Elspeth and her warning about the fog emphasize his youth and peril. Through the memories that come to William in the fog, Gabaldon suggests that William will need to return to the circumstances of his birth and childhood to discover the truth about himself, again foreshadowing his discovery that Jamie is his father. Gabaldon layers in dramatic irony as William remembers being rescued by “Mac,” then is once again unknowingly rescued by family: his cousin Ian. Like Jamie, Ian is aware of his and William’s true relationship. Fate is again presented as a benevolent force in Part 4, as William would likely have been killed or died of fever if he hadn’t failed his mission and been rescued by Ian, who just happened to be passing through the swamp at the same time.
As Quakers, Rachel and Denny Hunter bring a more overtly religious element to Gabaldon’s exploration of fate and portrayal of violence. Quakers, or the Religious Society of Friends, is a sect of Protestant Christianity that eschews ritual and clergy in favor of the individual experience of the divine. Pacifists and abolitionists, Quakers were considered somewhat controversial in the 17th and 18th centuries, and many Quakers migrated to the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic colonies for religious freedom. In the time of Gabaldon’s novel, Quakers also practiced the “testimony of simplicity” by dressing modestly and using plain speech, including the terms “thee” and “thou,” which were once the informal forms of the English “you.” By making the Hunters Quakers—even unusual Quakers who support the war for independence—Gabaldon establishes obstacles to Rachel’s romance with William or Ian and to Denny’s secret romance with Dottie.
Gabaldon suggests a nuanced morality to violent encounters. William’s hypothetical debate with Denny over the necessity of violence is quickly translated into real-life circumstances when the Johnsons attack the trio. Although William kills a man for the first time fully believing he did the right thing, he discovers that his emotions are much more complex than he imagined. Gabaldon avoids declaring either Denny or William as the winner of their debate, suggesting a more complex morality than either war or pacifism allow.
We see further echoes and concern over fate. Although John’s investigation of Richardson has little effect on the events of An Echo…, Gabaldon will explore Richardson’s ulterior motives in later novels in the series. John’s discovery of Denys Randall-Isaacs’s relation to Johnathan Randall, a significant antagonist in earlier novels, allows for another “echo” in the novel. Gabaldon makes John’s motivation to investigate even more explicit when he worries “that he might not be there to protect William, while he [is] still needed” (487). Like Jamie, John struggles to accept that he cannot protect his family from every instance of fate and has difficulty accepting this reality because of his dedication to his adopted son. Gabaldon portrays this kind of fear as a powerful motivator in any century. In 1980, Bree and Roger attempt to predict what will happen to Jamie and Claire even as they miss signs of danger in their present time.
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