43 pages • 1 hour read
Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses police brutality, murder, and racism.
Setting refers to the time and place in which a novel is set. Scarborough, a suburb of Toronto, Ontario, is the setting of Brother and is crucial to the novel’s plot, theme, and character development. Scarborough mostly comprised of immigrants and their children, reflecting a diverse and multicultural city. However, people often feel stuck in Scarborough, specifically in the Park, the neighborhood where Michael and Francis grow up. Despite its name, the Park is a densely populated urban environment, its only green space being the Rouge, a deep valley once carved by a glacier that runs through the neighborhood. Scarborough has a reputation for high rates of both poverty and violence, which leads to the negative and inaccurate perceptions other Torontonians have of the city. The setting of Scarborough is also important in creating a juxtaposition between what is (Scarborough) and what could have been (Trinidad).
The genre of young adult fiction is primarily identified through the coming of age of the central character, Michael, as he faces the death of his brother when they are in their late teens. Young adult fiction is often centered on themes regarding the pains of growing up, the formation of one’s identity, and increasing pressure from external society, all of which are reflected in Brother. While Michael narrates as an adult in his late twenties, much of the narrative traces Michael’s life as he shifts through childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood.
In literature, a conflict is a struggle between two opposing forces. Conflict provides drama, tension, and the opportunity for character development in a novel. A major source of conflict in Brother is that of person versus society. Francis, Michael, and their parents are all in some sort of battle against the oppressive forces of the society in which they live. Canadian society at large marginalizes them due to their race and status as immigrants. Racist and xenophobic stereotypes prevent the characters in this novel from living fully realized versions of their identity. The struggle between individual versus the society is therefore important in developing characterizations and themes in Brother.
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