58 pages • 1 hour read
Content Warning: The source material for this study guide depicts or references death by suicide, drug addiction, and sexual abuse, and it includes descriptions of gore. There are also scenes depicting violence against unhoused people. Finally, the novel briefly hints at damaging stereotypes about mental illness and psychosis in order to ultimately subvert those stereotypes.
Quincy Carpenter is the main protagonist of Final Girls. The events of the novel are filtered through her unreliable perspective, which allows Sager to complicate the reader’s knowledge of the novel’s events. This unreliability is established through Quincy’s central character trait—her repressed memory—which prevents her from fully committing to the resolution of her trauma.
Quincy’s characterization is developed across two parallel storylines. In the interlude narrative, she is portrayed as a naïve, innocent girl who is conscious of her status as a virgin. This allows her to fulfill the tropes of the Final Girl archetype, though she willingly chooses to have sex with Joe Hannen, which goes against the trope.
In the present narrative, Quincy is portrayed as a woman who has seemingly reclaimed her normalcy. She works as a baking blogger and lives off of her settlement money in New York City. She lives with her boyfriend, Jeff Richards, whose authentic normalcy supports the idea that she has recovered from her trauma. Underneath the surface, however, there are cracks in the foundation of Quincy’s normalcy. She has an addiction to Xanax and compulsively steals, both of which function as coping mechanisms for her trauma. Quincy is also prone to self-sabotage. In flashbacks, Quincy is revealed to have sabotaged the opportunity to meet the other Final Girls in person. This trait exposes her inability to confront her repressed memories, which slows down her development.
Quincy projects different facets of her identity to Tina, Coop, and Jeff, allowing her to build on Navigating the Divide Between Public and Private Identities as a theme. Tina and Coop see the sides of Quincy that correspond to her survival of Pine Cottage. Jeff, on the other hand, sees the side of Quincy that corresponds to her desire for a normal life. None of these projections are duplicitous by nature. Rather, they correspond to a more complex identity that Quincy synthesizes by the end of the novel: the Final Girl.
Tina Stone catalyzes Quincy’s development by forcing her to directly confront her trauma. While Tina has her own agenda for meeting Quincy, her actions, especially bringing her back to Pine Cottage, enable Quincy to learn the truth about her relationship with Coop. At the same time, Quincy makes an active decision to travel to Lisa’s house in Indiana so that she can learn the truth about Tina. Her desire to learn more about Tina inadvertently allows her to learn more about herself through Lisa’s perspective. Quincy and Tina’s relationship ultimately reveals the power of Solidarity in Survivorship, as well as differing approaches to Women Reclaiming Agency in the Wake of Violence. This relationship is one of the only things that survives after Quincy has embraced her Final Girl identity at the end of the novel.
Tina Stone is the secondary protagonist of Final Girls. While following her own emotional arc to exonerate Joe Hannen, she functions as a catalyst for Quincy’s journey, forcing her to confront the difficult emotions of her trauma at Pine Cottage. Sager allows Tina to fulfill this role by characterizing Tina as the counterpoint to Quincy. While Quincy enjoys the relative privilege of her fame to carry her through her survivorship, Tina is forced to fend for herself, rejected by her mother and left without a support system apart from Joe Hannen. This makes Tina characteristically cynical. She harnesses her anger against the world, vindicating herself by fighting male abusers and committing small crimes like shoplifting.
Tina is characterized as a survivor of sexual abuse. She kills her abuser, which echoes the trope that the Final Girl defeats her overpowering antagonist by killing him. Unlike most Final Girls, however, Tina is placed in Blackthorn Psychiatric Hospital, where she experiences more sexual abuse from an orderly named Matt Cromley. This is also where she meets Joe Hannen, who empathizes with her and helps her to begin resolving her trauma. Joe’s death ironically results in Tina’s release from Blackthorn, forcing the institute to shut down. When Tina encounters her second abuser at the bar where she works, she continues her vindictive behavior by humiliating and exposing Cromley. She tries to impart the emotional impact of her behavior on Quincy, teaching her to fight back against men who are harassing women in Central Park. This underlines the theme of Women Reclaiming Agency in the Wake of Violence.
Tina puts on the guise of Samantha Boyd to infiltrate Quincy’s inner circle and gain information that will exonerate Joe. She relies heavily on her resemblance to Sam, as well as Sam’s reclusiveness, to sell the disguise. Before coming to Quincy, she tests her infiltration skills on Lisa, successfully gaining her trust for a week before Lisa sees through her façade.
One of Tina’s defining character traits is a tattoo she has on her wrist, which spells out the word “survivor.” This tattoo appeals to Quincy, encouraging herself to identify as a survivor while she continues to reject the Final Girl label. At the end of the novel, Quincy gets the same tattoo, signifying Solidarity in Survivorship.
Franklin “Coop” Cooper is ultimately revealed to be the primary antagonist of Final Girls. His true role in the narrative is not apparent until the end of the novel. He is initially presented as a sidekick to Quincy, standing as one of the pillars of her support system. His support is characterized by his frequent affirmations of Quincy’s survivorship, as well as his vigilance over her safety. These actions manifest Coop’s apparent love for Quincy, though these feelings are also a result of his skewed perspective.
Coop is introduced as an enigmatic police officer. He refuses to share details of his life with Quincy, which hints at his suspicion. It isn’t until he meets Tina that he begins to open up, revealing that he is a military veteran who served in Afghanistan. Further flashbacks reveal that Coop’s service was meant to purge himself of the shameful emotions he felt after having sex with a sexually active friend. Rather than help him, Coop’s service ultimately exacerbated his desire to inflict violence on others. Coop reveals that he lives alone in a large house, which puts emotional pressure on him to sustain his relationship with Quincy. He started killing to satisfy his urges, which are ultimately triggered when he sees Quincy running through the woods around Pine Cottage with a knife.
Coop is a master of deception and manipulation. He is revealed to have sent a threatening letter to Quincy. His intention was to make her reaffirm her relationship to him. Coop is also responsible for the death of Lisa Milner, having visited her under the pretense of sharing information about Pine Cottage. Though Coop has sexual relations with Lisa, he kills her once she suspects his true role in the Pine Cottage murders. He continues to manipulate Quincy by declaring his love for her, leveraging her unspoken feelings for him to lure her into having sex.
Jefferson Richards is the romantic interest of Quincy. He works as a public defender in New York City. Throughout the novel, he is preoccupied with defending a person who has been accused of killing a police detective. The stakes are high enough for Jeff that he believes that he can get a job at a high-ranking law firm if he wins the case.
Jeff is characterized by his relative normalcy. He is unaware of Quincy’s past as a survivor when he meets her. She becomes attracted to him precisely because of this quality. Jeff’s normalcy forces Quincy to hide the truth about her actions, believing that Jeff would disapprove of her if she failed to match his behavior. At the end of the novel, Quincy owns up to her actions, upsetting Jeff but allowing her to reclaim responsibility and agency in her life. Though he is initially suspicious of Tina, it is hinted that he later works as her lawyer during her incarceration.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Riley Sager