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77 pages 2 hours read

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2003

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Symbols & Motifs

Dumbledore

Dumbledore, a powerful wizard and Head of Hogwarts school, symbolizes integrity and goodness. He resolutely stands against cruelty and corruption, as is first evident in his attendance at Harry’s Disciplinary Trial; Dumbledore insists that Harry has the right to have witnesses speak in his defense and makes pointed comments alluding to Fudge’s corrupt judicial process.

Dumbledore advocates for the rights of the powerless and refuses to tolerate cruelty. When Umbridge humiliates Trelawney in front of the school, ejecting her from her job and her home, Dumbledore arrives to defend her, telling Umbridge, “You have every right to dismiss my teachers. You do not, however, have the authority to send them away from the castle” (551). He insists that Trelawney remain living at the school. Furthermore, one of the few moments where Dumbledore shows anger in the novel occurs when Umbridge angrily shakes Marietta; “a split second later Dumbledore was on his feet, his wand raised. […] ‘I cannot allow you to manhandle my students, Dolores,’ […] for the first time, he looked angry” (569).

Dumbledore also advocates for the rights of traditionally disrespected species, such as house elves: “I warned Sirius when we adopted twelve Grimmauld Place as our Headquarters that Kreacher must be treated with kindness and respect” (766). Dumbledore also repeatedly places his trust in Hagrid, a half-giant, and hires Firenze, a centaur.

Kreacher’s Betrayal

Kreacher’s betrayal is symbolic in a larger sense of the mistreatment of house elves and other allegedly “lesser” species. Dumbledore reflects that “we wizards have mistreated and abused our fellows for too long, and we are now reaping our reward” (767). For Sirius, Kreacher was associated with the childhood home he hated and where he felt maligned and mistreated. This led Sirius to resentfully treat Kreacher with cruelty and anger, pushing Kreacher to confide in Narcissa Malfoy. Assuming Kreacher was bound to him, Sirius underestimated Kreacher’s autonomy and the extent of Kreacher’s feelings of betrayal, grief, and heartbreak.

In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Rowling warns readers that those treated with cruelty can be pushed toward vindictive action. Wizards and witches who underestimate the power of “lesser” species, such as Umbridge and Sirius, are punished for their prejudice.

“I must not tell lies”

The sentence “I must not tell lies,” engraved in Harry’s right hand by an enchanted pen, symbolizes Umbridge’s cruelty and represents irony because Harry is the one telling the truth about Voldemort’s return while Umbridge denies it (254). Umbridge sentences Harry to numerous detentions after he angrily argues with her that Voldemort has returned in their first Defense Against the Dark Arts class. At his first detention, Harry lets out a “gasp of pain” as the words on the paper “cut into his skin as though traced there by a scalpel” (247). Umbridge’s pleasure at Harry’s pain is evident, as “she was watching him [Harry], her wide, toadlike mouth stretched in a smile” (247).

As the year progresses, Harry sees numerous other students who have received the same cruel treatment, such as Lee Jordan, who humiliates Umbridge by reminding her that Exploding Snap—which she is telling Fred and George not to play—has nothing to do with her subject (Educational Decree 26 articulated that “teachers are hereby banned from giving students any information that is not strictly related to the subjects they are paid to teach”) (509). The next day, Harry sees that the back of Jordan’s hand is bleeding. Her enjoyment in subjecting students to cruel punishments characterizes Umbridge as a hateful and villainous antagonist.

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