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After the volta, or “turn” in Millay’s sonnet, the tone of the speaker becomes much more introspective. Once they comprehend that they have, indeed, conquered and trapped Chaos and that they “have him” (Line 11), it is almost like a veil is lifted. The speaker is finally able to truly see Chaos as he really is. He isn’t invincible and all-powerful as they initially expected. Now that all of the “years of duress” (Line 9) are over, the speaker reveals Chaos to be “nothing more nor less / Than something simple not yet understood” (Lines 11 - 12). Chaos only has as much power and authority over the speaker as they are willing to give to him. Individuals often have a tendency to build up their fears and feed into them, making them bigger, scarier, or more dire than they actually are. When confronted, however, these fears that are given full reign over our reasoning can be controlled with effort. Once viewed through order and reason, they amount to little more than “nothing” (Line 11). It is when they are “not yet understood” (Line 12) that fears are at their worst and most influential. Once rational thought and structure is applied to them, these fears lose their effectiveness. If individuals can dissect their own Chaos to understand where it comes from, Chaos and fear becomes less terrifying and horrible. Therefore, while fears may appear insurmountable at first, they are often not as scary as they seem. Once individuals understand this, they can reclaim control over their individual Chaos and turn their energies to something more productive, such as to “make him good” (Line 14).
Chaos represents everything individuals typically don’t want in their lives: disorder, confusion, turmoil, despair, etc. However, this force does not have to run rampant in an individual’s life. While there are events that happen in life over which an individual may have no control or foresight, they can do their best to limit the effects of Chaos. The speaker proves this ability in Millay’s sonnet, as they confine Chaos “into fourteen lines / And keep him there” (Lines 1-2). The speaker in this poem does not let Chaos dictate how they live their life. Rather, they exert their own will over Chaos and impose their own sense of order over this destructive force “[t]ill he with Order mingles and combines” (Line 8). The speaker does not sit back and give Chaos full permission to do whatever he wants to do in their life. Yes, bad things may happen and negative outcomes may result, but rather than simply letting them happen, the speaker attempts to control as much of Chaos as it can. Chaos ebbs and flows, one moment present and the other moment “Past” (Line 9). Millay’s sonnet shows readers they do not have to be passive victims in their own lives—they can be active agents of change constantly moving forward.
There are binaries in life that always coexist: good and evil, dark and light, order and chaos, etc. Since early textual production and philosophical musings, academics, theologians, and philosophers have discussed the balance necessary and inherent between these binaries. Chaos and order are one binary that needs both aspects to survive. If there is an excess of chaos, then order is needed to control it. If order reigns, chaos will inevitably attempt to pervade and destroy it. Chaos could go by many names, possibly referring to the hellish pit or primordial state of the universe in Greek mythology. This parallels Satan and hell in Christian theology. On the other hand, order could be the god of creation in Greek mythology or the omniscient and omnipotent God of Christian faith. Chaos and order are the bane and antidote of one another, respectively. In Millay’s poem, the speaker highlights how one of these binaries is necessary to counteract the other. While Chaos reigns, the speaker applies “this sweet order” (Line 6) of the poetic form to try and negate his powers. They “hold his essence and amorphous shape” (Line 7) to ensure “he with Order mingles and combines” (Line 8). The main method of overcoming Chaos is by applying its antithesis: Order.
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By Edna St. Vincent Millay