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Eleven-year-old Mary intends to describe dark events that happened a year earlier. She lives in the town of Chilmark on the island of Martha’s Vineyard. Mary says, “Every small village must think itself perfectly unique. I now know there was not another like ours in America, in the Year of Our Lord, 1805” (1). A stranger comes to the island and changes Mary’s life in important ways. She tells the reader, “I warn you, there are accounts of great wickedness along with hope in these pages” (1).
In November, Mary is walking on the beach with her best friend, Nancy. Mary explains that Nancy is hearing, and Mary has been deaf since birth. A large percentage of the island’s inhabitants are also deaf. The two girls stumble across the carcass of a whale. When the townsmen are summoned to dispose of the sea creature, Mary is sad because the whale reminds her of her late brother. On the way home, she avoids visiting his grave.
Back at her own house that same morning, Mary converses with her mother in sign language. Her mother is hearing, and her father is deaf. Her late brother George was also hearing. Mary tells her mother that she saw a wave on the beach that looked like a lion. Her mother discourages Mary from being fanciful, but Mary loves to use her imagination to make up stories. Mary’s mother sends her off to take some muffins to a retired seaman named Ezra.
As Mary walks along the road to Ezra’s, she passes the place where her 15-year-old brother George died. The two were playing in the road when a carriage approached. Mary couldn’t hear it, so George pushed her out of the way and was struck down himself. It has only been eight months since his death, and Mary is still grieving. Further down the road, Mary encounters a neighbor who says that a young scientist is coming to the island, but nobody knows why.
When Mary arrives at Ezra’s house, the old seaman is sitting on the porch, drinking rum. He happily accepts the muffins and learns Mary’s news about the scientist. Ezra says, “Outsiders […] Never give them credence at first. Only welcome them after they’ve proved themselves trustworthy” (24). At Mary’s promptings, Ezra then signs a story about the village’s original settlers. Mary’s great-great-grandfather arrived in 1692 and was the first person who was deaf to settle in Martha’s Vineyard. He came from the Weald in Kent, England, where deafness was common, so the people worked out their own form of sign language. The one used on the island has been modified to suit the needs of the local villagers. Ezra says that nobody knows why some people are born deaf while others in the same family are not.
As Mary walks back home along the high road, she notices that a shadow is following her. Without hearing, she needs to depend on her other senses. Mary knows that this is her friend, Nancy, stalking her for fun. Both girls are fanciful and artistic. Nancy pulls Mary off the road behind a wall because someone is coming. It is Reverend Lee with the rumored visitor, who is carrying a black satchel. The girls speculate that he plans to stay.
Nancy confides that when her grandmother died, her ghost appeared to Nancy with some parting words. Nancy suggests that the girls should hold a dance for the dead in the woods to honor George. Perhaps he will come back to speak to Mary. The two girls climb an apple tree to make plans for their ghost dance the following day. Then, Nancy plays her recorder because she is an accomplished musician. Mary says, “Watching her play, I am experiencing the music in my own way. The way I imagine birdsong when I see birds soaring in the sky” (37).
After Nancy and Mary part for the day, Mary goes to chat with the family’s hired hand. His name is Thomas, and he is a Black freedman. Since coming to Massachusetts, he has married an Indigenous Wampanoag woman and had a daughter named Sally. Mary notes that her mother is cordial but distant toward Thomas as she is to their Irish hired hand: “In our town, the Irish are seen as inferior to the English but superior to freedmen. Papa pays those ideas no heed and stubbornly hires both when others will not” (40).
Thomas is concerned about white settlers encroaching on Wampanoag land, which is held in common. Mary questions why he considers the Wampanoag to be his people; Thomas says the ties of custom and belief are stronger than where a person comes from.
Back at home, Mary goes to George’s room in search of a map that he drew for her. She will need it to find her way to the spot where she and Nancy intend to perform their ghost dance. Because the marshland contains sinkholes, Mary will have to watch her step. She recalls a time in the past when George had to save one of their friends from sinking into the muck and dying.
Having retrieved the map, Mary goes downstairs to have dinner with her parents. Her father signs that John Skiffe, Nancy’s father, is angry that the Wampanoag are claiming land that he has taken for himself. Thus far, the courts have sided with the Indigenous inhabitants. Aside from Skiffe’s anger, the family discusses the new visitor in town. Mary’s father suggests inviting Reverend Lee and his scientist friend to dinner.
The following morning, Mary helps her mother bake bread, a task that she enjoys. While they work, Mary’s mother says that Nancy will be staying overnight with them that evening because her mother is away. They will also be eating with Reverend Lee and his guest. Then, she dismisses her daughter to go and play.
Mary searches for Nancy and finds her in the marsh with two old bedsheets that they will use to disguise themselves: “Once we are both concealed, we glide, arms extended. Initially, our footfalls are awkward. What clumsy spirits we are! Then we throw up our hands, skipping and twirling until we reach the outskirts of Littlewoods” (62).
Both of them howl and moan like ghosts. Mary asks her brother for forgiveness because she feels responsible for his death. Nancy is shocked because she didn’t know this. After their ceremony, they shove the sheets into sinkholes. Mary doesn’t know if the ritual eased her brother’s spirit, but she feels better.
Back at Mary’s house that evening, the girls find that Reverend Lee and his visitor have already arrived. The young scientist is named Andrew Noble, who explains that he didn’t come to see the sights: “I am more interested in facts than a fetching view.” (68-69). Andrew has come to study the inhabitants of Martha’s Vineyard who are deaf because there are so many of them, and they lead productive lives. He states that, elsewhere, people who are deaf would be beggars or admitted to psychiatric facilities. He fails to realize how insulting his attitude is to Mary’s family.
As their meal is coming to an end, the family realizes that an uproar is occurring outside. Nancy’s father has accused Thomas and his Wampanoag wife, who works as a maid at the Skiffe house, of stealing bedsheets. Mary immediately confesses that her friend is to blame; Nancy took the bedsheets to use for ghost costumes. Nancy is furious with Mary afterward for not protecting their secret and expresses prejudice towards Thomas and his wife. Later, the two friends patch things up and go to sleep.
The first segment focuses on the theme of defining deafness as it is experienced by those who live on Martha’s Vineyard. All of the inhabitants communicate using a local sign language. Interactions between the deaf and hearing on the island appear harmonious. As a result, deafness is defined as a difference, not a disease. Mary’s life appears pleasant, and she actively pursues her interest in storytelling, reading, and writing with the encouragement of her family and friends.
Although the inhabitants who are deaf intermarry and treat each other as equals, the nonwhite population of the island illustrates the theme of social inequality. Mary’s father is viewed as odd because he employs both Irish and Black farmhands when others will not. Mary is quick to point out that a pecking order exists among the nonwhite people. The Irish are considered higher on the social scale than freed Black people. Lowest of all are the Indigenous people. Thomas, the Black freedman, challenges Mary’s assumptions about race and class by marrying an Indigenous woman and identifying with her Wampanoag heritage.
Mary is confused when Thomas tries to explain his attachment in terms of culture and custom rather than skin color. Mary has been taught that the social hierarchy is maintained by separation among various groups. Thomas’s blended family doesn’t fit the paradigm. Mary doesn’t realize that she will be subjected to a similar form of discrimination based on her outward characteristic of deafness.
While Martha’s Vineyard seems like paradise for its inhabitants who are deaf, the snake in the garden appears in the form of Andrew Noble. Initially, he seems harmless in his earnest desire to ferret out the causes of deafness. However, Mary quickly notices his body language. It signals arrogance and contempt for the members of her family who are deaf. His demeanor foreshadows trouble ahead.
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