18 pages • 36 minutes read
Blood appears throughout the poem. First the hunter looks for blood to track the bear, then he eats the bear’s “turd” (Line 31), which is soaked in blood, to survive. Blood functions as a symbol for both life and death. When the hunter “thrusts” (Line 33) the bear’s turd into his mouth to eat the blood, it is a symbol of life because it can be consumed to survive. When the bear loses blood, leaking it onto the snow, the hunter is able to track the bear and the blood signifies that the bear is dying. In both instances the blood is a metaphor for the life force that leaves the bear and enters the hunter, transferring the bear’s life to the hunter.
“The Bear” is focused on the gruesome facts of the bear’s death and the corporality of his body as it dies as well as the gruesome things the hunter must do to survive. The speaker explores the darker aspects of living: how it comes at the expense of other animals and how it involves doing things that might seem unsavory to a more modern, urbanized audience. By focusing on these otherwise “taboo” subjects, the poem reawakens readers to the truth about human nature and our relationship with the animal world. Both humans and animals have similar bodies, and those bodies are fragile and sometimes unpleasant. Maintaining those bodies sometimes requires doing what today might seem unthinkable, like eating a turd to survive. In more primitive cultures, gathering and consuming enough food to survive takes more prominence than in modern society. In these cultures, people live with greater awareness of their bodies and the reality of what their bodies are meant to do.
The final section of “The Bear” takes place in spring, either in reality or in the dream of the speaker. Geese reappear, and the “dam-bear” emerges. These are not only signs of a season changing but also signs of life reappearing and continuing on after a winter hiatus. The hunter getting up and trudging through the landscape is also a sign of rebirth, whether he is moving forward as a man or a bear. It seems the bear is revived after winter and continues living through the body of the hunter, or perhaps the man is revived and able to experience a rebirth as the bear. The wording of the poem is intentionally ambiguous, so readers can experience the poem the way the hunter does: being unsure if he is awake or having a dream or if he is a man or a bear.
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By Galway Kinnell