48 pages • 1 hour read
Arrietty wraps herself in her quilt and comes to the living room, eager to hear what her parents have been talking about, as she was only able to catch a few stray words through the wall. They tell her that many years ago, Uncle Hendreary was spotted by a maid while walking across the drawing room mantlepiece—a very visible part of a heavily traveled room—in search of a liver pill for his wife, Lupy. This incident started a chain of events that caused every Borrower family except the Clocks to leave the house and drove the Clocks deep into hiding. Homily explains that the only reason they have been able to stay is due to Pod’s skilled borrowing techniques, which allow him to move about the house undetected.
Previously, there had been several Borrower families living in the house, each with their own way of life. Even their family names were based upon the rooms in which they built their hidden homes. The Overmantles, who are described as being somewhat pretentious due to the elevated social status of living behind the fancy mantelpiece, resided in the morning room and subsisted only on breakfast foods and tobacco. The Harpsichords, whom Homily describes as changing their name from Linen-Press in order to sound more upper-class, lived on food gleaned from the humans’ meal at afternoon tea. While this food was often very fancy, they had to gather it quickly and secretively since the meal would be cleared away as soon as the people had left. All the Borrower families would gather in the Clocks’ beautiful living room full of dollhouse furniture for parties, and in those days, they enjoyed much more freedom than Arrietty is allowed today. As she listens to the stories, Arrietty wonders what ended this freedom and why all the other families are gone.
Pod interrupts Homily, saying that they did not bring Arrietty into the living room to talk about their former fun-filled lives. He begins asking Arrietty questions in order to determine how much she already knows about the world outside their home. Unlike her parents, Arrietty can read, so she is relatively worldly and assures her father that she knows the world is much larger than what she can see around her. Eventually, he explains that since he was seen by the boy, it is time to tell her about what happened to her cousin Eggletina.
Eggletina was Uncle Hendreary’s daughter, and unlike Arrietty, she was ignorant about the outside world, for her father Hendreary and her stepmother Lupy had tried to shield her from learning anything about it. They did not tell her that Hendreary had been seen or that the human family had gotten a cat in response. Eggletina eventually got frustrated with the restrictions in her life and decided to venture out on her own. At that point, there was only one gate between the clock and the Clock family’s home, so Eggletina was easily able to escape one day when her father absentmindedly left it open. Eggletina never returned, and the family eventually concluded that the cat had eaten her. After their loss, Hendreary and Lupy could not bear to live in the house, and Hendreary refused to go borrowing for fear of finding definitive evidence of Eggletina’s demise, so they left with their other five children, never to return.
After Eggletina disappeared, the Borrowers who remained in the house lived a quiet, fearful life, and Pod installed multiple gates to keep the cat at bay and keep the family inside. The cat was not the only problem the Borrowers faced; the human population of the house began to decline, and resources became scarce. Many Borrower families left when the humans put in a gas pipe, which gave them a tunnel of safety through which to escape across the fields and over to the nearby village of Leighton Buzzard. Eventually, the Clocks were the only family left in the house.
Arrietty listens to her parents intently but declares that she would rather leave the house or risk being eaten by a cat than continue to live such a restrictive, secluded life. Eventually, Homily begins to agree with her daughter and persuades Pod to take Arrietty with him on a borrowing trip on a day when they know the humans will not be home.
Three weeks later, Arrietty gets her first chance to explore the world when Homily asks Pod to get supplies to make her a new scrubbing brush. Ever since the boy spotted him, Pod only borrowed what they needed for survival, but Homily convinces him that the brush is a necessity and that Arrietty should go with him. She reassures him that since the housekeeper, Mrs. Driver, will be out and the lady of the house, Aunt Sophy, is bedridden, conditions will be relatively safe. Arrietty runs excitedly to get her shoes, eager to finally see the world outside their house.
Both father and daughter make their way through the maze of passageways between their home and the clock, with Pod stopping every so often to unlatch one of his complicated gates. He reminds her to never close a gate on the way out just in case a quick escape back home becomes necessary. Arrietty holds her breath as they reach the hole under the clock, trying to hide her excitement and concentrate on her father’s instructions. She watches him run across the tiled floor, looking tiny among the humans’ giant possessions. When he sees that the coast is clear, he beckons for Arrietty to follow him, and they make their way to a floor mat near the front door and begin pulling out fibers for Homily’s new brush. The door is open, and Arrietty can see the outside world beckoning her from beyond its frame. Although she wants to appear helpful to Pod so that she will be invited borrowing again, she struggles to pull out the mat fibers and sneezes in the resulting cloud of dust. Eventually, he tells her to go to the front steps so she can see outside since he will be able to gather supplies much more quickly by himself.
Once she is out the front door, Arrietty cannot help but begin to explore. She climbs down the shoe scraper despite Pod’s previous warning never to climb down something that a human might move, for fear of becoming stuck if they do so. Despite the stern lesson, Pod allows Arrietty to make her way into the yard, although he asks her not to wander too far. She convinces him to let her run around the side of the house to the grate that looks into their hole, hoping to get her mother’s attention from the outside. Homily is startled to see her daughter but is happy to see how much Arrietty is enjoying herself. Arrietty notes that there is moss growing on the outside of the grate, a result of her family throwing water through the slats year after year.
While Pod finishes gathering things from the house, he allows Arrietty to stay outside, and she is overjoyed by the opportunity to explore. She runs to a patch of primroses to pick the giant petals, watches insects crawling in the grass, and lies on her back in the undergrowth, enjoying the warmth of the sun and the smell of living things around her. She has a twinge of loneliness as she realizes that none of the bugs or birds are able to play with her, but she is excited to finally get firsthand experience of the world she has only seen through the narrow grate. As she sits among the primroses taking everything in, she realizes that there is a giant eye starting at her.
Chapter 5 introduces the central conflict of the story when Pod returns from an evening of borrowing and has been “seen” by a young boy, whom Norton has already established to be Mrs. May’s brother. This section also serves to drive home how primal the fear of being seen is to the Borrower community, for their instinct about such things is so deeply ingrained that each individual is endowed with a “sixth sense” that enables them to know when a human is nearby. Thus, the differences between Borrowers and humans—with humans firmly cast in the role of predator—place all interactions within the household in the context of “survival of the fittest,” an environment in which only the swiftest, cleverest Borrowers will be able to endure and that renders any voluntary communication between Borrower and human to be not just unwise but utterly against the natural order of things. Thus, Pod’s first encounter with the boy is elevated beyond mere misadventure and gains the status of an existential threat. Given this dynamic, the family’s later ability to slowly overcome their reservations and engage with the boy is quite an extraordinary thing, despite the boy’s clear desire to help the family rather than harming them. In the sheltered world of the Clocks, every human is viewed as being ultimately untrustworthy, and the Borrowers know that they are always at risk when living close to these gigantic beings.
Despite their understandable reservations around this turn of events, the family’s collective response to Pod’s encounter demonstrates their ability to engage in new activities that will ensure their Survival and Adaptation. Homily in particular demonstrates herself to be a dynamic character in her sudden shift of attitude from keeping Arrietty away from the outside world to encouraging her to venture forth into it as a full-fledged Borrower. In this, Homily shows the pragmatic approach of a parent who, when faced with a child adamantly refusing to heed the “safest” version of parental advice, resolves to educate her daughter about the dangers she faces rather than keeping her in ignorance. To this end, the cautionary tale of Eggletina is not just a story to frighten Arrietty into cautious obedience; instead, the story takes on a symbolic significance within the Clock family’s patchwork mythology, representing the consolidation of their very worst fears about risking the hidden perils of the human world. In accordance with this general philosophy, Pod, although determined to teach his daughter to become a skilled Borrower, appears shaken by the realities involved, and although he was previously described as a fearless individual, this new challenge of training his daughter reveals his inner parental anxieties and creates a more rounded and nuanced sense of his character.
The story of Eggletina also establishes a theme that slowly emerges throughout the second half of the book, for although the older Borrowers believe that only bad things can come from interacting with humans, Arrietty displays a cautious inclination to trust them, for she believes that her parents’ fears are largely unfounded and that her isolation is worse than any fate she might encounter in the human world. This attitude further establishes The Borrowers as a classic coming-of-age story, for as Arrietty grows up and expresses her own views in life, her parents become less and less able to control her desires. Additionally, her ability to read gives her an important edge over her parents; although she has never experienced the outside world firsthand, she has learned about several subjects through books, and this natural curiosity becomes even more apparent the first time she goes borrowing. Pod’s handling of her explorations also reinforces the coming-of-age theme, for although he is apprehensive about letting her explore too much, his decision to allow her to roam about the garden reflects his inner acknowledgement that controlling his daughter’s actions is an impossibility and that he ultimately wishes her do discover the world on her own terms.
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