71 pages • 2 hours read
Trujillo’s lack of bladder control parallels his waning grip on control of the Dominican Republic. He maintains outward control over his body—shaving and cleanliness rituals, a strict schedule predictable down to the minute—and his cadre of loyal henchmen. Among the many myths of Trujillo is that he never sweats, and he appears to believe that he can, in fact, allow himself to sweat at will, only when he so chooses.
Trujillo experiences scares of incontinence when events seem out of control in his real life, e.g., when he wonders whether he's lost Sergeant Gittleman's support. At the time of his assassination, although Balaguer is ostensibly his puppet, Trujillo himself no longer holds the presidency. Incontinence reminds him that events outside his control can disrupt that perception of cleanliness, order, and self-discipline, and he can do nothing to stop it, much as he cannot stop death when it comes to find him.
Trujillo associates power and strength with masculinity, in particular his own virility. He prides himself in his ability to bed women, making sure that he makes his trips to Mahogany House weekly as an exercise of power. The impotence that accompanies incontinence vexes him even more; he can take the virginity of girls like Urania by forcefully tearing their hymen, but he can no longer enjoy physical release during the event. Victory and dominance grow empty, and the body he's fought to control betrays him, as do many in the inner circle that he can no longer keep under his thumb.
The fleet of Volkswagen Beetles driven by the caliés—the SIM agents and secret police employed by Abbes—represent the oppression under which people live every day. The cars represent an ever-present Foucauldian nightmare for the citizens of the Dominican Republic, as their appearance could mean nothing but could also mean that trouble has arrived, either for them or for those they love. The vehicles’ appearance looms over the novel, like the oppressive presence of Trujillo himself. The secret police are everywhere, creating a “circle of accountability” in which no one is safe.
The military symbolizes power, discipline, and in the case of Trujillo’s regime, oppression. Trujillo trained in the United States Marine Corps, and he values in his own life the same things valued in the military: rigor, discipline, routine, and loyalty. Rather than viewing these as useful features in a particular kind of institution, Trujillo views these as universally strong qualities and judges all those around him by how well they live up to those exacting standards. He surrounds himself with high-ranking members of the military and bestows rank as an acknowledgement of strength.
When social structures and the chain of command depend on one man, they have no resilience after he dies. Trujillo maintains iron control over the military in life, but he fails to empower a true successor to keep control after his death. When he dies, Ramfis assumes leadership over the military portion of the junta but cannot leverage that control to overthrow Balaguer. Ultimately, the presence of the far stronger American military outflanks the Trujillo brothers’ feeble attempt at a coup, and Trujillism, no longer backed by military support of his cult of personality, dies with Trujillo.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Mario Vargas Llosa