47 pages • 1 hour read
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Joe DeRisi takes a call from Gavin Newsom, who asks DeRisi to tell him the three worst things he could do in response to COVID-19 and the three best. DeRisi tells Newsom that testing is the priority and that the rest of the list isn’t worth making. Test processing is currently taking 10 days.
The absence of rapid testing made finding and isolating the infected population impossible. DeRisi has faith that the CDC will offer a solution. He decides to change the Biohub into a testing facility and plans to publish a paper about the results to serve as a model for anyone wishing to follow their example. Within days, he has his people trained in COVID testing, but they don’t have the chemicals to test with, so he gets permission to raid the university labs for the chemicals.
DeRisi’s lab can process 2,666 tests each day and return results within 24 hours. His lab doesn’t have many customers, however, as hospitals continue to ship their samples to slower companies with whom they already have contracts.
Most places aren’t set up to process free tests. As DeRisi investigates the slowness of the medical facilities, he realizes that the medical complex is using distorted incentives. During a phone call between a representative from the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and a representative from the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, the hospital spokesman says that they have no way to incorporate free testing into their system—their computer system won’t allow them to enter zero as the payment for a procedure: The system is unable to recognize a costless resource.
Early in the pandemic, DeRisi calls San Quentin prison, as he knows that the virus would ravage a prison population. Prison officials accept his offer to help, but they must sneak tests in to avoid losing their contract with Quest, the company that services California prisons. After a group of prisoners from Chino transfer to San Quentin, 28 prisoners at San Quentin contract COVID and eventually die.
Too few test kits are available to enable Biohub’s free testing. People could visit for a free test, but the lab might not have enough equipment—even something as simple as a nasal swab—to perform the test. Nevertheless, the lack of federal leadership has created a “black market” that continues to thrive and now trafficks items like nasal swabs. A disturbing trend emerges: The Trump administration assures the nation that supplies are en route to the states but avoids answering questions when supplies don’t arrive. In addition, DeRisi sees that many clinics are so understaffed that they can’t even take his offer of free testing and that their technology is so primitive that quick results are impossible. Because of the ways in which viruses mutate, they’re hard to treat, plan for, and isolate, and one year into the pandemic, DeRisi is losing hope that his lab will ever get the government’s support or attention. He knows that many more people will die unnecessarily.
Paul Markovich, the CEO of Blue Shield of California, wants California to improve its results after the state ranked last in COVID testing. Governor Gavin Newsom responds by assigning Bob Kocher and Charity Dean to work on California’s testing. After three months, California is at, or near, the top of the nation’s COVID testing percentages, depending on which metrics one counts with. Markovich and Dean receive invitations to explain their methods to the White House. Markovich realizes that they succeeded despite many problems, such as California’s ancient computer system. Testing generates more data than the hardware and software can handle. He’s confused when he learns that Dean is Angell’s assistant because Dean is obviously in charge. In fact, Angell is usually hard to find. He tells Dean to be prepared for an offer to replace Angell.
Dean recalls that when she was 24, she put flowers on the porch of her apartment, and everyone complimented her on the display, but her flowers died. She replaced them with plastic flowers but kept watering them so that no one would know the flowers on her porch had died. The pandemic reminds her of a moment when one of her neighbors realized that the flowers were fake. The agencies responsible for stopping the virus pretend to try while doing nothing.
In March, Dean tells Mark Ghaly, California’s secretary of Health and Human Services, that she plans to resign. He convinces her to stay long enough to turn California’s COVID testing around. Then he asks her to run California’s pandemic unit—but says that she must let Angell lead the agency and take credit for the response. Ghaly thinks that firing Angell in the middle of the pandemic would damage the public’s view of the agency. During a Zoom call with the Biohub, Dean tells Newsom about her experience with genetic analysis, citing her work on the TB and hepatitis C cases. He approves her plan for genome sequencing. However, the plan dies, lost in the bureaucracy, and Dean never learns why. She resigns in June 2020.
On September 23, 2020, Bill Foege writes a letter to Robert Redfield. They are, respectively, the former and current CDC directors. Foege says that he doesn’t envy Redfield and that they both know the pandemic response will fail; the CDC’s capitulation to Trump has disgraced it. Someone leaks Foege’s letter to the press, and Foege braces for the Trump administration’s retaliation, but he knows that the CDC problems didn’t start with Trump.
The narrative flashes back to 1976, when several soldiers grew ill at Fort Dix, New Jersey. One died. The CDC found traces of swine flu in the men. The head of the CDC, Director David Sencer, agreed to vaccinate the populace as widely as possible before flu season. The vaccinations were extensive but uneven. When an area received adequate coverage, it was usually because of zealous local health officials. The vaccine killed three citizens and made others sick. The government canceled the vaccine. The swine flu then went away. People had died due to a vaccine, and a pandemic had never even begun. The Ford administration fired Sencer in the aftermath. Harvard professor Richard Neustadt authored a book about the story: The Swine Flu Affair. In the book, he accused Sencer of misleading the public. During the COVID pandemic, The Swine Flu Affair serves as a warning for public health officials who might take risks. People like Foege wonder if they would have been brave enough to make Sencer’s decision.
This story inspires Dean. It shows the need for bravery and the risk of public courage. However, Sencer declined rapidly in the aftermath and became an alcoholic. Richard Hatchett and Carter Mecher both read The Swine Flu Affair. They realize that society could turn on them just as it had Sencer. Carter doesn’t understand how people who know better downplay the risk when the pandemic arrives. The US has become the world’s worst example. As the book concludes, Carter’s parents get COVID. His mother dies 18 days later, and he goes to a cemetery to pray.
Charity Dean felt that another pandemic was coming. When it does, she wants to see COVID as a gift; it can help them prepare for the next pandemic. She also thinks that the lack of preparation in the US shows its enemies a weakness. She starts a company to protect the country: The Public Health Company. In a graveyard, she finds the tombstone of Jerald Scott Jones. She’d met Jones when she was a resident at Cottage Hospital and had treated him for years. Then she’d treated him on a street corner. She feels bad that she never said more to him. After saying something to his grave, she leaves.
Various people in The Premonition express frustration, anger, and disbelief at the US response to the COVID pandemic. Carter Mecher and the Wolverines use data to support their conclusions without ever expressing—at least in what Lewis relates—an overabundance of emotion. They discuss the loss of life and the spread of the virus in numerical terms. In addition, Charity Dean lends perspective to another loss: “The greatest trick the CDC ever pulled was convincing the world containment wasn’t possible […] Our dignity was lost in not even trying to contain it” (274).
Part 3 explores this loss of dignity on a large scale. After Dean sees the bureaucratic roadblocks, the blatant hypocrisy and cowardice of CDC officials, the rise of a “black market” for testing supplies, and the ineptitude of local leaders, she’s mournful. Stating that the US lost its dignity because of its pandemic response is tantamount to saying that the US doesn’t deserve to be taken as seriously as it did before the pandemic. Lewis avoids the temptation to editorialize but includes characters who serve that function.
On a small scale, the most admirable people in The Premonition work to fight the pandemic with personal and professional dignity. On a large scale, the cowardice, incompetence, and immorality of bureaucratic institutions—whose primary concern is their public image—rob them that dignity. For instance, Lewis reveals the Trump administration to be a governing body that makes promises it cannot keep—and may not have had any intention of keeping:
The pattern continued right through the pandemic: the Trump administration would claim with fanfare that supplies were on their way to the states and leave it to the career civil servants whose job was to interact with state officials to reap the humiliation when those supplies failed to arrive. It would happen again with ventilators, with the drug Remdesivir, and, finally, with vaccines (251).
These mistakes in the pandemic response have lethal consequences. All the hesitancy places more people in danger—and corporations add a new dimension to the loss of dignity: “It went that way with much of what they needed to buy: some companies sought to exploit the moment; others sought to help [...] We quickly figured out that some companies actually have a moral compass and some of them don’t” (246). Some companies—whose business mission is to help save lives—saw and used the pandemic as an opportunity for profit. Lewis’s exploration of The Swine Flu Affair illustrates that nothing about these phenomena is new. Politicians have always sought to advance their own agendas during a crisis, and their priorities during an election cycle focus on gaining or retaining positions of power. US citizens have always been willing to support people who promise quick fixes—and to condemn those who make unpopular, inconvenient decisions even though they might be necessary. David Sencer lost his career, health, and vitality because of his brave reaction to the threat of the swine flu. As yet, many people responsible for the poor pandemic response and disgraceful behavior seem to have escaped facing professional consequences.
The book concludes on both an optimistic and pessimistic note. Charity Dean finds inspiration in Sencer’s story. She recognizes a kindred spirit who was willing to say what was necessary to help. She’ll continue to live and work with the same commitment and spirit she showed during the COVID pandemic thus far. Carter and the Wolverines will continue to do the same. However, in Lewis’s most personal example of COVID’s human cost, despite all of Carter’s work, he couldn’t protect his parents from the disease: His parents get COVID, and his mother dies after 18 days. Unless the COVID experience results in systemic changes to pandemic preparedness, he knows, many more like his mother will die. He recalls his idea about misplaced confidence and near misses: Regardless of when or how COVID ends, too many will view the entire mess as a near mistake to which the government overreacted—despite the abundance of evidence that its inaction at the pandemic’s outset was a far larger problem.
Lewis ends the book with Charity Dean in a cemetery. It is a reminder of death. While there, Dean remembers her fake flowers and how hard she worked to make sure that no one knew they’d died. She views the things she hasn’t said as sins of omission, and they are her biggest regrets. Dean has shown that she bounces back from adversity. By acknowledging her regret, Lewis concludes the book on a softly optimistic note, the implication being that Dean won’t put herself in a position to have the same regrets again. However, this conclusion gives no sign that the US will be better prepared for the next pandemic. All of Dean’s and Carter’s fears about the (ongoing) COVID pandemic apply to future pandemics. The next pandemic could be as lethal—even more lethal—than COVID. If the US doesn’t learn from this experience, Lewis illustrates, the costs may be higher next time.
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