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49 pages 1 hour read

Under a Cruel Star: A Life In Prague, 1941-1968

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1973

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Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary

During the night, the young Czech girl has left the group of escapees, but not before giving them navigation advice. The girls are cold, hungry, and incredibly weak, but they are full of determination and strength. Soon, a young Polish woman walks by and offers them help. She invites them to her home, but she is unsure of how to help them further. She encourages them to visit a Czech woman on the other side of the village who should be able to assist them.

The Polish woman, Mrs. Nemcova, welcomes the girls into her home and offers them huge slices of bread. “At that moment,” Heda writes, “everything faded, the whole world stood aside. There was nothing alive in the whole universe but the four of us and that huge, sweet-smelling, wonderful loaf of bread” (23). Mrs. Nemcova then offers advice on how to cross the border. She tells them that tonight, a party at the local pub guarantees that “by ten o’clock all the policemen would be drunk” (23).

Heda, Hanka, and two other girls, Zuzka and Mana, sneak into the darkness that night. They walk painfully, barefoot, through the snow, so that they will not lose their shoes in the dark, and they cross the border. Something changes inside Heda. The feeling of freedom is both intoxicating and nerve-wracking. “The step that lay before us,” she writes, “the transition from the freedom of a bird to the freedom among people proved to be the most difficult part of our journey” (25).

The girls travel to Zuzka’s hometown, where her family welcomes them. Heda and Hanka are driven to the outskirts of Prague. It is the sixth year of German occupation, and the girls are not safe in the city. They are filled with fear, afraid they will be recognized for who they are. Hanka jumps off the train when it reaches the center of the city, squeezing Heda’s elbow in a subtle embrace. Prague has changed, but Heda is hopeful that she can locate her best friend, Jenda. Before Heda’s deportation, Jenda had promised her that he would support her no matter what, but he is full of fear when Heda rings his doorbell: “All he could think of was the deadly danger that had walked in with me” (27).

Heda moves on in search of an old family friend she calls “Auntie,” who welcomes her into her home. Auntie finds clothing for Heda and lets her spend the night. The next day, Heda roams the streets again, “looking for a human being whose humanity would prove greater than [Jenda’s] fear” (28).

Heda seeks out another old friend, Franta, who is also broken by his circumstances. He tells Heda that her case is hopeless and that she will be caught and killed. He tells her that he cannot help her and that she is risking her life and the lives of others. When Heda returns to the street, she sees posters listing the names of people who have been executed.

Chapter 5 Summary

Heda travels to her friend Marta’s house, where she learns that Marta’s husband Vlada has joined the Resistance. Vlada is fearful and unwilling to help Heda. While Marta and Vlada argue, Heda sneaks out into the street. She walks a long way to where other acquaintances live. At Otto and Milena’s house, Heda finds people willing to harbor her, but Milena has children, so Heda decides that she cannot put them at risk.

Heda spends the night in an empty apartment managed by an elderly couple she knows. The apartment is vacant only for that single night, so the next day she finds herself on the streets again. She visits yet another old friend, Zdena, whose mother opens the door and, in shock, sends her away. She cries, “For God’s sake, go away! Can’t you see? This child! For the sake of the child, go! Please! Go!” (34). Devastated, Heda walks into the fields beyond the city.

Heda spots a church and, thinking it a safe space, walks inside. She begins to cry. The priest gives a sermon about those who pitied Christ on the cross but did nothing to help him. Heda considers walking up to the priest after mass and saying, “Here’s your opportunity to put your teachings to work. Help me” (34). She decides not to approach the priest, skeptical of those who profess their humanity, since she has seen so often how fear overrides good intention.

Heda plans to drown herself in the river. She stands on a bridge. She imagines “the freedom of a bird, the freedom of the wind, a freedom without people. A freedom without exit, lonely and as terrifying as the river below” (35). Two soldiers approach and jostle her, but they are not German soldiers, as Heda has feared. They laugh and let her go. Heda wanders the streets in a daze. She finds herself at the apartment of a male friend, Ruda, where her friend Marta has been waiting for her. Ruda is gone, so Heda stays at the apartment. She collapses from exhaustion.

A week or so later, a letter is delivered to the apartment instructing Heda to meet a man in the park. The man has been sent by Ruda to help her. “Stop being afraid,” he tells her upon their meeting: “We’ll help you. Everything will be all right” (37). At this moment, an SS officer walks by. Heda grabs her companion’s arm, and the officer doesn’t challenge them. The two of them walk up a steep, snowy street she has never traveled on before.

Chapter 6 Summary

The war ends “the way a passage through a tunnel ends” (39). In the weeks leading up to the war’s end, Heda is lonely and isolated. She listens to the radio just to hear another human voice, but the announcers lie about German victory. Her friends bring a wounded Russian to where she is hiding, and Heda nurses him. Soon, he is taken away, and she is left alone again.

Occasionally, Heda moves to a new hiding spot for safety. Spring blooms around her, and she struggles to stay indoors. Every day, even though it is foolish to do so, she ventures outside to be “under the greening trees” (40). At night, she listens to the BBC, which transmits coded messages for the Resistance. The penalty for owning a short-wave radio is death.

Ruda returns to Prague. On May 5, the regular radio broadcast is interrupted. A voice on the radio urges Prague to “rise up and liberate the city” (40). Heda sees men entering the street carrying rifles and other weapons. Heda decides she will be most useful at the Red Cross center.

The medical center is staffed mostly with affluent housewives. When the staff members are told that someone is needed to carry out a covert operation, Heda quickly volunteers. After a long while, another woman decides to volunteer too. The two of them, dressed in Red Cross uniforms, travel to the train station. There, a basket disguised as a parcel containing medical equipment awaits them. They grab the basket, which is full of weapons, even though German soldiers are nearby.

Soon, a young German soldier stops them in the street. The woman with whom Heda is traveling diffuses the situation by offering the soldier a roll of gauze. Heda writes, “I shall always remember that woman with love. If courage is the capacity to conquer one’s fear, she was the most courageous person I have ever met” (42).

On the fifth day of battle, a column of Russian tanks enters the city, demonstrating that the Germans have been defeated. The inhabitants of Prague rush into the street, cheering. Girls cover the tanks with flowers. Heda walks out to the edge of town and admires the sunset: “It was that moment just before sunset,” she writes, “when outlines briefly become sharp and clear and colors more brilliant, reminding us that the night is short, that darkness comes and then goes again” (44).

Although the War is now over, “no one had quite survived” (44). Tensions between people do not dissipate. Those who were persecuted during the Nazi invasion still suffer injustice. After a while, Heda works up the courage to visit her family’s vacation home in the village of Hut. At this point, she believes she is her family’s only survivor.

When she arrives, the trees in the orchard “were past their bloom and no one seemed to be about” (47). The door is locked. She rings the bell and, soon, a “fat unshaven man” opens the door and yells, “So you’ve come back! Oh no! That’s all we needed!” (47). Heda retreats into the woods and listens to the birds.

Every day, Heda listens to the radio to hear news of liberated prisoners. One day, she hears her father’s name announced. Heda can hardly believe the news, as she thought both her parents had been killed. She rushes to the radio station. Although there is a crowd outside, they let her enter. The radio announcer agrees to pass a message to her father over the air instructing him to call the station. Heda waits for hours until the announcer tells her to return home and that he will call if a message comes through. She hears nothing. Heda finds out that her former lover Rudolf Margolius is alive. He is “the best man in the world” (49).

Heda picks flowers. Heda’s broadcast message to Rudolf is interrupted when the power fails. Heda later learns that, at the camp, the other prisoners debated whether the message to Rudolf had come from his beloved Heda. They are so invested in their story that when they finally come to Prague, they all wait for Rudolf to call the radio station to verify that she sent the message. When they learn that it was Heda who called, they are gleeful.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

Though Heda musters enough courage to escape the concentration camp, her journey to sanctuary requires even more bravery and strength, as she is turned away by numerous friends and acquaintances in Prague. The refusal of these friends to help Heda is further evidence of Freedom and Imprisonment as States of Mind. Though these people have not been physically imprisoned as Heda has, they have been imprisoned by fear. Even when she was in Auschwitz, Heda was in a sense freer than they are, as she did not allow fear to dictate her actions.  

In these chapters, Heda further explores the theme of Finding Community Within Isolation; at the start of the memoir, she is separated from her family and isolated in her suffering at the camp, but now that she is home in Prague, her repeated experiences with rejection disappoint her deeply. In seeking the assistance of old friends and neighbors, Heda reveals her faith in her relationships, but most refuse to risk their lives to save her; their self-preserving priorities impact Heda as deeply as the horrors of the concentration camp, showing her that she may be truly alone in her suffering. Just when she is at the deepest point of despair, she finds two friends, Marta and Ruda, who are willing to risk their lives to help her. Their selflessness forms part of a pattern that Heda notices throughout her life: While most people value their safety above all, she is not the only one who refuses to let fear take away her humanity. Those who are willing to risk their lives for others become a community amid general isolation, and in this community, she finds strength.

Despite Heda’s disappointment in others, when the war comes to Prague, she volunteers immediately. Unlike the friends who cannot put themselves at risk for the safety of others, Heda remains committed to humanity and compassion above safety. The fact that she is the first to volunteer for the covert operation of transporting weapons to the Resistance speaks to her unselfish bravery.

The beauty of nature continues to feature prominently as a motif. When Prague is liberated, spring is in full bloom, symbolizing the potential for renewal in both the natural and the human environment, and Heda often finds sanctuary in nature. She retreats to the forest for its birds, finding comfort under the shade of the trees. The beauty of the sunset and the flowers she picks represent the cyclical nature of life; even as darkness descends, another day has the potential to bring beauty and hope.

After the war, cruelty and indifference characterize the interactions between the residents of Prague and elsewhere. For example, the man at her family’s vacation home laments Heda’s presence, and Heda continues to encounter antisemitism despite the end of the war. At the end of Chapter 6, she learns that Rudolf is alive, and she again finds joy in her life. Heda celebrates by picking flowers, turning to the natural world for symbols of joy and hope in the future.

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